7 Countries Leading the World in Cobalt Production

Cobalt has become a critical mineral in powering modern technology, from smartphones to electric vehicles. As the demand for lithium-ion batteries grows, so does the global need for cobalt. However, the supply of this essential mineral is highly concentrated in a few key countries. Understanding where cobalt comes from and the dynamics of its production can provide valuable insight into the geopolitical and economic forces shaping the global electronics industry. Here’s a closer look at the seven countries leading the world in cobalt production.

1. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) 🌍⚒️

The Democratic Republic of Congo is by far the largest producer of cobalt in the world, accounting for over 70% of global production.

• Why it leads: The DRC has vast reserves of cobalt, often found alongside copper in its rich mineral deposits. The country’s Katanga region is particularly renowned for its cobalt output.
• Challenges and concerns: Despite its dominance, the DRC faces significant challenges, including political instability, lack of infrastructure, and concerns over unethical mining practices, including child labor.
• Global impact: The heavy reliance on the DRC for cobalt raises concerns about supply chain vulnerabilities and encourages exploration for alternative sources or recycling methods.
• Key statistic: In 2022, the DRC produced approximately 130,000 metric tons of cobalt, far outpacing other countries.

2. Russia 🇷🇺🛠️

Russia ranks among the top cobalt producers, leveraging its significant reserves to meet a portion of global demand.

• Why it leads: The country’s cobalt production is closely tied to its nickel industry, as cobalt is often a byproduct of nickel mining. Major mining regions include Norilsk, which is known for its abundant mineral deposits.
• Challenges and concerns: Sanctions and geopolitical tensions have disrupted Russia’s cobalt exports, impacting global supply chains and prompting countries to diversify their sourcing.
• Global impact: Russia’s role in cobalt production underscores the importance of political stability and international relations in securing this critical resource.
• Key statistic: Russia produced about 7,000 metric tons of cobalt in 2022, making it a key player despite its smaller share compared to the DRC.

3. Australia 🇦🇺⛏️

Australia is a major player in cobalt production, thanks to its vast reserves of nickel-cobalt deposits and its well-developed mining infrastructure.

• Why it leads: Known for its high environmental standards and advanced mining technologies, Australia is one of the most reliable sources of ethically mined cobalt. Much of its cobalt comes as a byproduct of nickel and copper mining, primarily from Western Australia.
• Challenges and concerns: While Australia’s reserves are significant, its cobalt production capacity is still limited by global market demand and fluctuating cobalt prices.
• Global impact: Australia’s reputation for sustainable and transparent mining practices makes it an attractive alternative source for countries looking to diversify their cobalt supply chains.
• Key statistic: Australia produced approximately 5,900 metric tons of cobalt in 2022, making it one of the top contributors to global supply.

4. Canada 🇨🇦🌲

Canada has established itself as a key supplier of cobalt, leveraging its rich natural resources and focus on responsible mining.

• Why it leads: Most of Canada’s cobalt comes as a byproduct of its nickel and copper mining operations, particularly in Ontario and Quebec. The country’s focus on ethical and sustainable mining has strengthened its position in the global cobalt market.
• Challenges and concerns: The country’s production is modest compared to the DRC, but Canada’s potential for increased output is promising, especially as demand for ethically sourced cobalt grows.
• Global impact: Canada’s strong environmental and labor regulations make it a preferred source for manufacturers seeking conflict-free and sustainable cobalt.
• Key statistic: Canada produced roughly 3,600 metric tons of cobalt in 2022, and it continues to invest in expanding its production capabilities.

5. Philippines 🇵🇭🌊

The Philippines has emerged as a notable player in cobalt production, thanks to its rich reserves of nickel and cobalt.

• Why it leads: Cobalt in the Philippines is mainly produced as a byproduct of nickel mining. The country’s tropical climate and unique geology provide abundant opportunities for mineral extraction, particularly in areas like Palawan and Surigao.
• Challenges and concerns: Environmental concerns and stringent mining regulations have slowed growth in the sector. Additionally, political and economic instability pose risks to production consistency.
• Global impact: The Philippines serves as a significant supplier for nearby markets, particularly China, which is a major consumer of cobalt for electronics manufacturing.
• Key statistic: In 2022, the Philippines produced around 4,600 metric tons of cobalt, making it a noteworthy contributor to global supply.

6. Papua New Guinea 🇵🇬🏔️

Papua New Guinea has recently gained attention as a growing producer of cobalt, tied closely to its nickel mining industry.

• Why it leads: The Ramu Nickel project, one of the country’s largest mining operations, produces cobalt as a byproduct. Papua New Guinea’s rich deposits offer significant potential for increased output in the future.
• Challenges and concerns: The country faces logistical challenges due to its remote locations and rugged terrain, which can make extraction and transportation difficult. Environmental concerns around mining operations are also a critical issue.
• Global impact: As a smaller but emerging player, Papua New Guinea contributes to the diversification of global cobalt supplies, reducing reliance on dominant producers like the DRC.
• Key statistic: Papua New Guinea produced approximately 3,400 metric tons of cobalt in 2022, a figure that is expected to grow in coming years.

7. Cuba 🇨🇺☀️

Cuba is a significant cobalt producer in the Caribbean region, with its cobalt output coming as a byproduct of its nickel mining activities.

• Why it leads: The country’s reserves are largely centered in the Moa region, where joint ventures with international companies help drive production. Cuba has long been recognized for its rich nickel-cobalt deposits.
• Challenges and concerns: Trade embargoes and outdated infrastructure limit Cuba’s ability to scale up production and integrate into global supply chains.
• Global impact: Cuba’s cobalt production plays a critical role in regional markets, particularly in Latin America, while offering opportunities for future growth as global demand increases.
• Key statistic: Cuba produced around 3,200 metric tons of cobalt in 2022, maintaining its position as a significant regional supplier.

Table Summary

MinerGuide: Top Mining Countries and Their Key Resources
Country	Key Resources	Global Impact	Fun Fact
Democratic Republic of Congo	Cobalt, Copper, Diamonds	Supplies over 70% of the world’s cobalt, critical for EV batteries.	The DRC’s cobalt industry is tied to its copper deposits, often mined together.
Australia	Iron Ore, Gold, Bauxite	Top global exporter of iron ore, driving the steel industry worldwide.	Australia’s mining sector accounts for roughly 10% of its GDP.
China	Coal, Rare Earth Elements, Gold	Dominates the rare earth market, essential for electronics and clean energy.	China produces 90% of the world’s rare earth elements.
Russia	Nickel, Palladium, Platinum	Key supplier of nickel for stainless steel and EV batteries.	Russia holds the largest reserves of palladium, used in catalytic converters.
South Africa	Gold, Platinum, Diamonds	Top producer of platinum and a major diamond exporter.	South Africa’s mining history dates back to the late 1800s gold rush.
Philippines	Nickel, Cobalt	A significant player in nickel production, vital for EV batteries.	Palawan and Surigao are major mining regions.
Canada	Nickel, Cobalt	Known for ethical mining practices and sustainable extraction.	Ontario and Quebec lead in nickel and cobalt production.